Opuntia ficus-indica var. Jalpa (Nopal) Induces Different Cell Death Mechanisms in Colorectal Cancer Cells Depending on the Extraction Method Used.

This study investigated how extraction methods impact the phytochemical composition and biological effects of Opuntia ficus-indica (Nopal) extracts on colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Methanolic and alkaline extracts were analyzed for phytochemical content and their effects on CRC cell lines (Caco-2, HT-29, CT-26) and immune system cells. Methanolic extract had higher phenolic compound yields, correlating with greater CRC cell cytotoxicity at lower concentrations, while being non-toxic to immune cells. Both extracts induced distinct cell death mechanisms, including morphological changes, ROS production, mitochondrial dysfunction, and DNA degradation. These findings highlight the anti-cancer potential of Nopal and demonstrate how extraction methods can modulate its therapeutic properties, informing the development of targeted, natural cancer treatments.