Synergistic antibacterial action of AgNP-ampicillin conjugates: Evading β-lactamase degradation in ampicillin-resistant clinical isolates.

This study optimized the synthesis and characterization of AgNP-ampicillin conjugates, evaluating their enhanced antibacterial efficacy against various bacteria, including resistant clinical isolates. The conjugates demonstrated superior bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity against both planktonic and biofilm-forming cells, with faster bacterial elimination compared to ampicillin or AgNPs alone. Synergistic effects were confirmed through detailed microbiological assays and molecular docking analysis. These findings highlight the potential of AgNP-ampicillin conjugates as a promising strategy to overcome antibiotic resistance, with further research needed to explore their clinical applications and safety profile.